What Creates One’s Identity

In the book, â€Å"a complicated kindness†, written by Miriam Toews, the main character, Nomi Nickel, fights through many obstacles in her life and learns what reality is. Her characteristics and identities are built in her by the places she lives. The struggling in living without her mother and older sister has made her doing so much than what she would. The small town and her religion have a huge impact in her, where she hates the place but she learns to love it. Her dream of being free has more inspiration in her which makes her wanting to go to the outside world. After learning so much as she has to, she becomes a responsible, kind and strong young adult. When one loss something they would always get something back in reverse, by which cases the one always learns from what she has to go through. In the book, Nomi’s sister and mother’s sudden disappearance has made her handle lot things that she wouldn’t do and handle by herself if she has a full family. â€Å"It’s been three years so far. My period started the day after Trudie left which means I’ve bled thirty-six times since they’ve been gone†(Toews, 5). The quote shows us that Nomi, the main character, has to handle suffers as being a female after her mom has left her. She has to handle it without anyone’s helping. It was the responsible she learns without noticing it herself. â€Å"Doing laundry can be a really interesting thing and intriguing process. Emptying people’s pockets, noticing odours and stains and items, folding the clothes afterwards, opening drawers, putting everything away†(Toews, 35). In the process of learning, Nomi has become responsible and enjoying what she is learning to do. An individual’s past always teaches them how to be a better and kind person. When one thinks about their past over with different point of views, they would realize what they had mistaken. From the book, Nomi often have flashbacks about what she did to others, she then could find the demerit she had done. She is a Mennonite, but she hated her own religion. After she’d look back what she did and how she treated some people, she has learnt how she should treat others nicely. â€Å"My guidance counselor has suggested to me that I change my attitude about this place and learn to love it. But I do, I told her. Oh, that’s rich, she said. That’s rich† (Toews, 8). â€Å"East village has given me the faith to believe in the possibility of happy family reunion someday† (Toews, 324). The quotes tells the change in Nomi, where she becomes someone different. From hating the village to loving it was by changing in herself. One’s dream leads possibilities to the one. The courage of people do something they were afraid has to come from what she believe. Nomi, the girl who lives in a religious town with lots of rules, wants to have freedom. She has a dream of being herself. She wants to get out of the town and a new life. After her father leaves her, which he knows he has to leave first to let go of Nomi, Nomi decide to go to the outside world with no fears. â€Å"I dream of escaping into the real world. I would love t read the diary of a girl my age- a girl from the city. Or a textbook on urban planning. Or a New York City phone book. I would be killed to own a New York City phone book† (Toews, 8). â€Å"I meant to thank you Ray for, in the midst of his own multitude of crap and bewilderment, knowing one true thing. That I would never have left him and that if I were ever to get out of that town, he would have to leave first† (Toews, 322). Nomi wants to go outside so much she would do anything to have freedom, but she promises her father that she’d never leave her father alone. But after her father left, she has noting to worry about. She has the courage of going outside. She is strong. One’s identity is built in them by many factors; life struggling, past and dream. All of the factors are based on realities. Dream is a big part of reality when one believes in themselves. An individual might not realize how dream works out for their identity, but it is the most important part of building their identities.

Ethics for the Real World

ETHICS FOR THE REAL WORLD Creating a personal code to guide decisions in work and life RONALD A. HOWARD & CLINTON D. KORVER Hanle Ying Special Topics in Accounting March. 16, 2011 Introduction Within the development of human culture, ethics has been more and more emphasized in human beings. Ethics is not only requested in the work place, but also it should be requested in individuals. Ethics is an extremely helpful in human daily life. For the work place, ethics can help people to trust each other, allow people to know clearly what they can do or not do, and assist their efforts with each other to create a true market in the world.For the individuals, ethics can help to correct people’s attitude about life and to help them build a positive outlook. However, no matter whether in the work place or in an individual’s life, ethics can create a personal code to help people to make the right decision. Reading ETHICS FOR THE REAL WORLD-creating a personal code to guide decisio ns in work and life not only can help us know what ethics is and how we can draft a personal code to help us make the right decision, but it also lets us know how we can use ethics to transform our life and work.It’s really a good book on ethics and very practical for human beings. This book represents the different thinking of ethics and provides a personal code for people who working; individuals can use the code of ethics to examine their own ethical problems so they can make the right decisions during work. In the real world, there are many behaviors that look ethical, but are not. Conversely, some behaviors look unethical, but are ethical. Since we cannot always discriminate what is really ethical, we sometimes have a dilemma in making a decision.However, the description in this book, expressed by the authors help us to know what ethics is and he helps us to build an ethical framework and draft a personal code in our mind. We can use the ethical framework and the persona l code to help us make the right decision. The authors also demonstrate that people can use three steps to help them to clarify the ethical issue, evaluate the consequence of the behavior, and in the end, make the right decision. Moreover, ethics not only can help people make the right decision, but it also can help people to transform the work and life.Author Biography The names of the authors are Ronald A. Howard and Clinton D. Korver. â€Å"Ronald A. Howard is one of the founders of DEF, who is the academic director of the Strategic Decision and Risk Management certificate program at Stanford University. He supervises teaching and research in the Decision Analysis Program of the Department of Management Science and Engineering and he also is the director of the department’s Decision and Ethics Center. Moreover, Mr. , Howard is a professor in the Stanford Graduate School of Business.His experience covers many fields in decision analysis project, from investment planning to research strategy, and from hurricane seeding to nuclear waste isolation† (2011). Furthermore, â€Å"Mr. Howard has been a consultant to several companies and was a founding director and chairman of Strategic Decision Group† (2011). Clinton D. Korver not only is the co-author of Ethics for the Real World, but also â€Å"he is a partner and co-founder at Ulu Ventures, a Silicon Valley venture capital firm investing in early-stage information technology companies.He is also a Kauffman Fellow, co-founder and co-president of Stanford Angels & Entrepreneurs, and a venture partner at Crescendo Ventures† (2008). Moreover, â€Å"Mr. Korver is the founder and CEO of DecisionStreet, which provides Web-based tools to help consumers make information life decisions about health, wealth, housing, and family affairs† (2008). Mr. Howard and Mr. Korver wrote Ethics for the Real World-creating a personal code to guide decisions in work and life in 2008.In order to create t he habit of highly ethical behavior, Howard and Korver help us to know what ethics is and how we can discriminate ethical issues in our daily lives. In addition, they help us to use ethics to make the best decision in every situation. Summary of Book It’s a good book on ethics, and the authors use a practical approach to talk about what ethics is. The purpose of the authors in this book is not to stimulate people to get high ethics in their mind. Contrarily, they want people to know and study ethics through the tiny little things around us. People do some things or make some decision unethically because they think he decision seems unimportant; however, they still want others to respect and trust them. They even want to continue live in a harmonious environment. But their actions and thoughts are reversed. As a result, this is one of the reasons why people sink into the ethical dilemma. The book provided many theories to help people to understand and study ethics, such as som e behavior seems ethical for one, but he still has to confirm if it’s ethical for another; one could look analyze another’s ethical behavior when one sinks into the ethical dilemma; and one could set up an ethical code to help him to correct his ethical problems.But the one of reason why people do the unethical things are they often misunderstand the meaning of ethical, legal, and moral. Someone considered poor ethical as poor moral. Also the legal behavior is considered ethical, and illegal behavior is considered unethical. Actually, there is a total difference between ethical, legal, and moral. Something could be legal, but it’s unethical, such as lie, using profanity to someone. Something could be illegal, but it might be ethical, such as killing terrorists. Therefore, the most important issue for people when knowing ethics is to be able to discriminate the meaning of ethical, legal, and moral.This topic was expounded clearly in the beginning of the book. Thi s book combined four parts: Introduction, seven chapters, an epilogue, and two appendices. Furthermore, the authors combined these four parts very logically, especially in the seven chapters. The authors provided the almost ethical at first, and give a roughly ethical frame in people’s mind, through know and study the ethics to create the personal code. And then use the personal code to do the ethical behavior or make the ethical decision. In the end, the authors demonstrate that the ethics can help people transform their work and life.This sequence is coincidence with people’s thinking and easier to be understood by people. The Introduction not only reflects the rough content of the rest of the book, but it also includes a short summary of each chapter, the engineering approach, and the clarification of the difference between ethical, legal, and moral. Moreover, it also includes the experience of both authors. This introduction is very helpful for people to know what the book is and how to use this book. In addition, the introduction also talks about the skill of making the right decision, it is a weakness we often have because we have little education in this area.The seven chapters can be divided into four parts: the first three chapters, the fourth chapter, the fifth chapter, and the last two chapters. The first three chapters represent what ethics is and the problem of setting up an ethical bottom line. Actually, ethics is not very strange for each person; everyone has a rough framework about ethics, but most of us don’t know the real meaning of ethics. Everyone wants to be an ethical person, and most people have an ethical bottom line to contrast their ethical behavior. This bottom line is very important for each person.But people always sink into the ethical trouble because the ethical bottom line. Certainly, someone utilize this bottom line and the loopholes in the law to build a gray area, doing something between right and wrong. Everybody knows that to tell a lie is unethical behavior, but some use white lies to prevent crime or war; why not? I think most of us would rather to tell this lie. Therefore, there are no fixed rules for people to study ethics. People should learn and analyze the ethics of other’s ethical behavior and set an own ethical bottom line to do the right things or decisions.The fourth chapter is based on the first three chapters. After people know what ethics is and set up an ethical bottom line to distinguish what they can do or not do, they should create their own ethical code to complete their ethical framework. The main purpose of the fourth chapter is to show people how to draft someone’s own ethical code. The fifth chapter talks about how some people to do nothing when facing unethical issues. Although people can make the ethical code by themselves, it does not mean they will be ethical all the time. In this situation, people have to re-clarify the ethical issue and t ry to create alternatives.Moreover, in order to ensure the feasibility of their alternatives, people have to evaluate the alternatives and then re-make the ethical decision. The last two chapters stated how people use their personal ethical codes to transform their personal life and work life. Having a good ethical code is very important to our daily lives. It not only helps us to distinguish what we can do or not do, but also it can make us face life and work peacefully. This has the most positive effect on our daily lives. The book is composed by the skill of ethical thinking and the ethical decision making.The main purpose in the Epilogue stated how people developed the habit by this skill. However, the habit is developed through constant practice, and the practice is directed by thoughts. Therefore, having good ethical thinking skills not only can help people to make the ethical decision, but also can help develop the right habit in their life. The Appendix A is the flow chart o f ethical decision making process which not only helps us know better what ethics is, but also we can use this flow chart to compare our ethical frame to correct and complete our weakness in ethics.The Appendix B talks about the three people’s ethical code that has totally different backgrounds. And the Appendix B let us know no matter what background people have, as long as they are willing to understand and study ethics, they can possess the ethical code. Personal Reflection and Conclusion I always ask myself what does ethics mean? What kind of action belongs to ethical or unethical? Is any behavior within laws ethical issue? However, we have to face ethical decisions in our daily lives, and we always sink into the ethical dilemma because of these decisions.For example, we will make some excuses to avoid trouble, and we will use some white lies to make others feel more acceptable. We always ignore ethics in some trivial things, and ethics becomes strangers around us. This b ook has very helpful to me. I know that I am not a real ethical man. For example, I used fake excuses to explain my absences; or a bad grade to my parents, as well as use profanity to someone. Now all these behaviors seem wrong. In the past time, I always use different excuses to avoid responsibility when I got into some troubles, and put all the blame upon someone or something else.Now I think carefully; avoiding responsibility is unethical behavior. Individual development and social development should not lack communication and responsibility. If everyone is not sincere and they choose to avoid responsibility when faced the trouble, the individual and social development cannot be achieved, not mention to creating a real life environment. Therefore, building a good personal code is very important to everyone. We are always bothered by the issue that seems ethical, but indeed it’s not.Different people have different values, so they have different ethical lines. Some consider that the white lie is moral; someone may consider that the rational avoidance tax also is moral. People always abandon their principle to do some things which they consider are ethical, but indeed they are not. Thus, people slowly lose their moral bottom line because of these tiny little issues, and then, make them into the gray areas to do something that seems legal, but indeed it’s unethical. If everyone stays in the gray area, nobody will be honest with each other anymore.Therefore, in order to correct our values and life attitude, we should build a personal code which cannot be broken by any excuses. Before doing anything or making any decision, we should consider own personal code and use it to restrain our behaviors, which give us no excuse to do anything that violates ethics. The authors Ronald A. Howard and Clinton D. Korver together created Ethics for the Real World-creating a personal code to guide decisions in work and life, they clearly define what ethics is and u se bright black and white contrast to make us know better the meaning of ethics.Moreover, because of the sufficient experience, the essence of this book is easier to be accepted and studied and has a profound meaning in our daily work and life. The reason why I choose this book is I am always bothered by the ethics bottom line in the daily work and life. Sometimes ignore ethics because of the tiny little things. As a result, I slowly lose my ethics bottom line. Now think carefully; this is a wrong behavior and life attitude. This book opened my eyes; it teaches me that not only everyone should have their own ethical code and personal code, but also we should build our principle to do everything.No matter when we do anything or make decisions, we should base them on this personal code. Let our life be surrounded by ethics. Reference Clinton D. Korver, Bloomberg Businessweek, 2008, Retrieved from: http://www. businessweek. com/bios/Clinton_D. _Korver. htm Clinton D. â€Å"Clint† Korver’89 2001, Grinnell College, 2008, Retrieve from: http://www. grinnell. edu/offices/president/trustee/memberintro/korver Ronald A. Howard, Decision Education Foundation, 2011, Retrieve from: http://www. decisioneducation. org/about-DEF/board-of-directors/ronald-howard

Finance and Portfolio Management Assignment 4 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Finance and Portfolio Management 4 - Assignment Example 4. Acquisitions including Sun Microsystems, Siebel, I-Flex, PeopleSoft and others, may involve unanticipated costs, and integration issues that may disrupt existing operations. 5. Risks relating to foreign currency gains and losses and risks relating to compliance with international and US laws that may adversely affect international sales and operations. 6. Risks of reducing prices or losing customers due to intense competition and rapid technological evolution. Source: http://www.wikinvest.com/stock/Oracle_%28ORCL%29/Filing/10-Q/2011/F94876420 Company Performance and Financial Ratios Compared vs. Industry Average/ S&P 500 Growth Rate % Oracle Corp. Industry Average S&P 500 Sales (Qtr vs. year ago qtr) 36.90 23.80 12.10 Net Income (YTD vs. YTD) 13.50 5.60 `5.90 Net Income (Qtr vs. year ago qtr) 78.00 51.50 60.60 Sales (5-Year Annual Avg.) 17.85 14.05 7.98 Net Income (5-Year Annual Avg.) 16.28 11.74 8.03 Dividends (5-Year Annual Avg.) N/A 4.76 5.30 Price Ratios % Current P/E Ratio 21 .3 32.9 19.3 P/E Ratio 5-Year High NA 23.6 18.4 P/E Ratio 5-Year Low NA 8.4 2.6 Price/Sales Ratio 4.73 10.33 2.20 Price/Book Value 4.43 4.69 3.60 Price/Cash Flow Ratio 15.40 20.60 15.30 Financial Condition % Debt/Equity Ratio 0.40 0.30 1.18 Current Ratio 2.9 2.4 1.4 Quick Ratio 2.9 1.8 1.0 Interest Coverage 14.4 21.3 83.8 Leverage Ratio 1.8 1.9 3.8 Book Value/Share 7.24 8.16 25.45 Profit Margins % Gross Margin 75.3 74.9 39.0 Pre-Tax Margin 30.0 3.4 17.4 Net Profit Margin 22.4 22.3 12.8 5 Yr Gross Margins (5-Year Avg.) 78.1 76.1 38.8 5Yr Pre-tax Margin (5-Year Avg.) 33.1 26.2 15.6 5 Yr Net Profit Margins (5-Year Avg.) 23.7 17.9 11.1 Investment Returns % Return On Equity 23.7 27.0 23.4 Return On Assets 12.1 13.6 8.3 Return On Capital 15.3 19.5 10.9 Return On Equity (5-Year Avg.) 24.7 26.1 19.6 Return On Assets (5-Year Avg.) 12.5 14.0 7.7 Return On Capital (5-Year Avg.) 16.4 20.3 10.2 Management Efficiency Income/Employee 73,655 122,961 112,643 Revenue/Employee 328,520 495,504 990,090 Receivable Turnover 8.2 7.3 14.4 Inventory Turnover 28.7 58.6 11.8 Asset Turnover 0.5 0.6 0.8 Source: http://moneycentral.msn.com/investor/invsub/results/compare.asp?Page=TenYearSummary&symbol=ORCL Based on the table presented above Oracle Corporation’s Performance and Financial ratios is comparatively better or at par with industry average and with S&P 500. Gowth rate is higher than industry average. The price ratios and interest coverage is lower than industry average. There is a clear disparity in Oracle’s Investment Return Ratios and Management Efficiency Ratios particularly in income and revenue per employee. This low income/employee and revenue/employee ratios show that Oracle employees generally earn less than the industry average. In the long run this is crucial to Oracle’s operation as this relates to employee satisfaction and performance. It is also seen that no data is available on dividends paid as Oracle Corp have not consistently declared or paid d ividends in the past years. The company is geared towards reinvesting funds in acquisitions and tends to delay payment of dividends to stockholders. Reinvesting on its internal customers, the stockholders and the employees, is evidently low. Bonds Maturity Date Interest Price Yield % Oracle 5.75% 04/15/2018 5.75% 155.50 3.21 Oracle 144A 5.375% 07/15/2040 5.375% 101.90 5.25

The Story of an Hour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Story of an Hour - Essay Example According to this interpretation, the woman dies because she cannot stand the thought of going back to the oppressive life under her husband. There is, however, a different interpretation that asserts that Mrs. Mallard dies from the joy of seeing her husband alive. The story, therefore, is about freedom and entrapment (or oppression). The oppression that women face is seen in the challenges that Mrs. Mallard faces in her life. She (Mrs. Mallard) receives the news that her husband has tragically died in a train crash. While one would expect that such news would cause her deep sorrow and anguish, the news awakens in her a sense of freedom that she had long suppressed. Instead of mourning her husband, she celebrates his death, as to her it is the beginning of new life. The story makes use of symbolism to illustrate the sense of escape and freedom that Mrs. Mallard gains upon the death of her husband. After receiving the news of her husband’s death, it is said, she sat ‘faci ng the open window [in] a comfortable, roomy armchair’ (Chopin, 1984). The window can be seen as a symbol of the freedom that Mrs. Mallard faces. The story also makes reference to ‘new spring’ (Chopin, 1984). The spring is used to symbolize new life, which Mrs. ... She cannot let those around her know that her husband’s death has brought her a sense of freedom and liberation. The patriarchal society dictates that she has to mourn her husband’s death for a period of one year. She knows that when her husband’s body is brought, she must ‘weep again.’ She, however, does not seem to mind the rituals that she has to go through as she feels that she has finally gained her freedom. This is because she understands that the society would see her thoughts as extreme. Mrs. Mallard is said to have a medical condition, which can be read in a construct of the male-dominated world that she has to live in. The medical profession that is male-dominated has failed in its attempt to cure her. This can be seen as a reflection of the failure of the male-dominated world. She (Mrs. Mallard) is in a marriage that is oppressive, which has been dictated by the patriarchal system in which they exist. While her husband is not her direct op pressor or abuser, he does not do anything to ensure her happiness. Indeed, he seems to disregard her happiness (Kahle, 2010). The inability to escape from the reality of the male-dominant world is shown by the fact that the change for Mrs. Mallard is only temporary, and she soon has to return to the old situation of oppression. It soon turns out that her husband is not actually dead, and the oppressive order is restored. She is punished for the fact that she had rejoiced in the news of her husband’s death. The masculine order is restored when her husband unexpectedly returns unharmed. When she dies, the doctors say that her cause of death is heart disease. It, therefore, seems that the joy that she had felt was the cause of her death.

Understanding Challenges In The Third Sector Essay - 5

Understanding Challenges In The Third Sector - Essay Example Gettler (2007) suggests that voluntary organizations play a role in increasing public service delivery but the role of developing volunteer skills is a challenge to many of these organizations. Measurement of potential leaders in these organizations lies in the level of education they hold and not the skills they have acquired over time. Nurturing volunteer skills to produce skilled leaders is a good thing since it will make the provision of services to be efficient due to the involvement of highly skilled personnel. The public should realize that leaders in voluntary organizations do not have to have achieved MBAs to acquire leadership skills. The public has little knowledge on how modern charities work because of the ignorance and assumptions that we create for ourselves. The public should get more information concerning the organizational services offered, the people who work in these organizations and those who are paid and those who are not so as to know the organizational budgets (Gettler, 2007). Reducing the charities’ perception to the public based on warm feelings rather than evidence of good work will help us to understand more on the kind of services provided by the third sector. According to Gettler (2007) charities have a role to play in the public service delivery but not all public services and people need to have a good understanding of where the charities can deliver better services than the public sector and where it cannot. â€Å"It does not matter if the cat is black or white as long as it catches the mouse† Deng Xiao Ping (Evers and Laville, 2004). A leaf should be borrowed from this sayi ng to suggest that it does not matter who delivers the service as long as it is effectively delivered. Growing income and raising funds is one of the major challenges facing the third sector as a whole due to the fact that most organizations want to grow in their incomes since they tend to do

The abused Defense balances the justice system Essay - 1

The abused Defense balances the justice system - Essay Example This will result in the violent treatment which he will adapt against others who according to him are the reason of his stress. But in the end the only person who will suffer because of this attitude would be he, himself. As such people are unaware of the fact that their behavior and patterns are unsuitable; they neglect the point that they create problems for others as well as for themselves while seeking vindication in their aggressive and brutal manners. These people think that others always have spiteful intentions; they easily blame others because of very little or no confirmation. They think that their hostile and destructive attitude is justifiable retribution while others find it inexplicable. Such patterns become a major reason of rejection by others. Just because one has suffered a lot in past does not warrants his brutal and negative approach towards others. By adapting such behavior one only harms oneself and the people who are related to him either professionally or pers onally.He will think that all the difficulties in his life are either caused by of his surroundings or are because of the circumstances which he cannot control.

Outline the distinctive properties of group decision-making and Essay

Outline the distinctive properties of group decision-making and negotiation. Compare and contrast the conditions under which the - Essay Example Group decision making brings in certain amount of analogical reasoning which gives managerial cognition a significant and purposeful direction. It emphasizes on facts like strategy making, such as pattern recognition, judgment and wisdom. These aspects are prominent among practitioners to develop strategies that are powerful. Group managerial decision lays emphasis on working in the best interests of the companies that bring about rationality in the managerial decision making. Group decision making helps in analogizing the way the philosophers and practitioners think. Conceptualizing and analogizing over a topic will help in developing a computational response which will also help in suggesting powerful analogies based on industry features and situations which affect the high level policies. These high level policies are highly interdependent to each other and deals with breadth of experience which is more beneficial than depth of experience. These dominant analytical and experimenta l approaches would help in antagonizing the situations, which are useful from the managerial perspective. It also requires the adopting of a qualitative approach and exploring situations which help in tackling difficult managerial situations. This theoretical framework will enable the development of different decision models that help in solving varied managerial problems and also developing methods for tracking the different managerial situations. This computational perspective helps the managers to create an environment which is verifiable and posing demands based on the cause effect relationships and cost benefit analysis. This model will also help in the development of a conceptual contribution which concerns discrepancies between managerial thinking and rationale decision model. The complexity of the environmental models increases with the environmental problems, which deal with the risk taking capacity of the organization. This perspective deals with the accuracy of perception s and suffers from various shortcomings, evidences and natural environments The group decision making consist of several steps which include the following: Problem identification: The fundamental step would be to identify the problem which would help in determining the future direction of the organizational unit. The issues would be recognized and would be aligned with the appropriateness of the mission statement and current strategies for achieving goals (University of Rhode Islands, 2013). Problem Diagnosis: When a specific problem emerges then it would be manifesting itself in some form or the other and hence it should be treated with appropriateness and suitable tools. The long range problems would be discussed and diagnosed with recurring solution (University of Rhode Islands, 2013). Solution Generation: All the solutions are evaluated and the best decision is selected with thoughtful consideration (University of Rhode Islands, 2013). Solving the Evaluation and Choice: Evaluati on meetings are held to improve the business process and also address the specific operational problems. Solution Generation: The best solution is generated after matching the needs and requirements with the criteria, cause effect and alternatives. The different types of decision is evaluated and the best decision is selected which can solve managerial problems. The commitment to decision is taken after much thoughtful consi

Marketing Story Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing Story Analysis - Essay Example At a deeper level, however, one can find the existence of international marketing strategy, brand image and strategic retail management. 2. Analysis a. Retail Management One of the major and all-encompassing marketing concepts highlighted by this article is that of retail management and consumer behavior. The U.K, like its developed counterparts, is facing a change in its demographics with a skewed population pyramid (KPMG, 2013). The so-called â€Å"ageing population† translates to changing customer habits based on age. In the middle of such a transition, retailers such as Tesco are finding it difficult to adapt to such changes in customer behavior. This transition has given way to increased significance of one-stop convenience shopping as elder individuals find themselves difficult to visit several stores for buying food and non-food products (SAS, 2013). This is one of the most important aspects of retail strategy which requires companies to build store formats based on the needs of the target market (Gilbert, 2003). For instance, IKEA has adapted to customers’ needs for buying furniture for their first apartment (Castella, 2012). Furthermore, it caters to customers’ need to engage in one-stop shopping for their home by offering a maze-like retail format whereby customers walk through virtually everything before getting down to the product they intended to buy (Tozer, 2011) . The article demonstrates just how the â€Å"space race† is no longer important as it used to be. In fact, multi-channel strategies, as the author puts it, are the basis for such advantage in the contemporary world. This points to the area of retail format development which involves the development of a new format of stores for the existing customers with a different retail mix (Levy & Weitz, 2012). In the context of Tesco, this means making the shopping experience more convenient for customers. Tesco has strictly adopted the multi-channel strategy by having T esco Express, Metro, Superstores and Extra in its pipeline of stores (Doyle, 2008) (West et al., 2006). These outlets fulfill different market needs ranging from being located near to customers’ place of residence or work to offering ready-to-eat meals in City Centers. Another way of viewing the same is to understand the shift from the traditional bricks and mortar store format towards digital/online presence (Bernstein et al., 2008). b. E-commerce and multi-channel strategy The scope for e-commerce has been highlighted in the article by claiming that, owing to busy work schedules, individuals are now flocking towards online shopping which has already increased by over 8% in Britain with respect to Tesco. Even successful traditional companies such as Wal-Mart are now offering e-shopping in addition to their traditional services (Rosenbloom, 2013). However, given the fact that virtually all major retailers have adopted this perspective, one may challenge whether or not the mul ti-channel strategy can guarantee a â€Å"sustainable† competitive advantage in today’s world. Further contradiction arises from some authors who have claimed multi-channel strategies to be obsolete. According to them, the â€Å"channel† perspective is being replaced by the â€Å"touch-points†

Hospitality Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Hospitality Management - Essay Example Several categories of fields include tourism industry, lodging, cruise line, theme parks and transportation. I have participated for internship program in the hospitality industry. I am highly obliged to internship project manager. I would like to provide special thanks and express my gratitude towards the project manager for motivating me to go for excellence. Every intern is new to the industry and is hungry for success. There is always a person who motivates to accomplish in life. This is the person who encouraged me in the entire internship program. The effect of affectionate encouragement and motivation on my life was humongous. The pivotal aim of the program is to participate at the hotel meetings and gain experience to different areas of the hotel. The volume of professional is articulated by the organization behavior of the hospitality industry. Regular meeting and discussion with project manager helped me to build on complementary flaws and strengths. Weekly check- in meetin gs exceedingly benefited me to have an ongoing discussion to nullify the flaws and enrich the strengths. Time devoted by project manager provided me an opportunity to prosper on the hospitality industry. The appreciation shown by the manager boosted my commitment towards nurturing organizational skills. Teamwork, standard of procedure and service are the pivotal element in the hospitality industry. The effective management of the employees in the hospitality industry can be managed by focusing on building confidence, team building and handling stress. Internship project manager provided a practical example of understand behavior of guests and enhancing the decision making process. The manager provided me opportunity to experience the hospitality industry by live examples, case study and weekly discussion. This process of learning motivated me to enhance the relationship with the project

Short story- A Clean, Well lighted Place Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Short story- A Clean, Well lighted Place - Essay Example The younger waiter is very busy in his life and does not consider anything missing from his life and considers it to be complete. On the other hand, the older waiter believes that his life has emptiness and he actually is able to relate to the old man who is sitting in the cafà ©. It can be analyzed that religion serves to be a ray of light in many people’s lives and it is missing from the lives of the two old men that is the waiter as well as the old customer. This is because they both are seeking for light and consider the illuminated surroundings of the cafà © to be helpful in overcoming the darkness of their lives. The older waiter portrays the emptiness in his life as well as the lives of many in these words:"With all those who do not want to go to bed. With all those who need a light for the night." In these words, he explains to the younger waiter that he wants to keep the cafà © open till late night so that people who have an emptiness in their life and do not seek religion as a refuge can also come and sit here because the darkness of the world and their life haunts them as it does not possess any purpose for them. It also explains that there are many people in this world who seek for a true reason in their life and that religion does not serve that purpose. The deafness of the old man portrays the truth that he has a shortcoming in his life and his in satisfaction with his life despite of the fact that he has money and his attempt to commit suicide give a clear picture that he does not believe in religion. These realities about his life also explain his lack of interest in the life of this world because he does not consider it to possess any purpose. Thus Hemingway has used the old man to convey a message that 80 years of his life along with his experience have taught him the meaning that religion is not actually a true light and path that a person should seek. It is a rather a

Martin Yan’s Biography Essay Example for Free

Martin Yan’s Biography Essay Culinary Arts is widely acknowledged today as the art of cooking, and its popularity is increasing all over the world. There are numerous renowned and skilled chefs who have become well-known for their knowledge, creativity, and passion on culinary arts. Today, a lot of gifted chefs are getting famous for their cooking shows, cook books, and different contributions to the world of culinary arts. One of the famous and respectable chefs in the world is Martin Yan. Martin Yan is a Chinese-American chef; he was born in Guangzhou China on the year 1948. His father was a restaurateur, and his mother operates a grocery store. Martin started and learned how to cook at the age of 12. He decided to move and live in Hong Kong when he reached the age of 13 years old and studied in Kowloon City in Munsang College. Martin experienced working for his uncle’s Chinese restaurant and learned a lot of traditional methods of Chinese cooking. He then got the opportunity to study in Canada and later got his masters degree in food science in University of California in Davis on 1975. He finally got the passion for teaching and became a professor in the university’s extension program, and he also appeared on a local TV talk show in Calgary, Canada in the year 1978 (Yan Can Cook, 2008). Since then, he has been hosting different cooking shows. Among these shows is â€Å"Yan Can Cook,† now a popular cooking show which started in the year 1982 (Yan Can Cook, 2008, n. p. ). He became a celebrity indeed, winning different awards from his enthusiasm, talent, interest, and creativity as a culinary chef. He received the â€Å"James Bean Award for best television cooking show† in 1994, and two years later, he was granted an award for â€Å"best television food journalism† by the same award-giving body (Yan Can Cook, 2008, n. p. ). In 1998, he won an â€Å"Emmy Award for the best cooking show† (Yan Can Cook, 2008, n. p. ). In addition, he also received an award from the â€Å"Chef’s Association of the Pacific Coast† and the â€Å"Courvoisier Leadership Award† on the Antonin Award (Yan Can Cook, 2008, n. p.). He also sometimes appears on a cartoon talk show called â€Å"Space Ghost† which is now currently airing in the Cartoon Network show â€Å"Adult Swim† (Yan Can Cook, 2008, n. p. ). He was also a part of the Singaporean movie â€Å"Rice Rhapsody† during the year 2005. He currently hosts his own show entitled â€Å"Martin Yan Quick and Easy† and can be seen sometimes as one of the judges in the popular show â€Å"Iron Chef of America† (Yan Can Cook, 2008, n. p. ). Nowadays, he is also hosting â€Å"Martin Yan’s Chinatown Cooking,† a show wherein he tours different Chinatowns all over the world (Yan Can Cook, 2008, n. p. ). The format of his shows encompasses the different approaches and styles in Asian cooking; he travels in different places all over the world to introduce a certain local cuisine on TV (Yan Can Cook, 2008). Aside from hosting and having different cooking shows, Martin Yan has published several cookbooks as well, wherein he introduces Chinese American culinary arts all over the world. He wrote about 25 different cookbooks, which include â€Å"Martin Yan’s Chinatown Cooking† and â€Å"Chinese Cooking for Dummies† which also won an award (â€Å"Martin Yan Biography,† 2008, n. p. ). His main objective is to represent the Asian culture and culinary arts not only in the western part of the world but around the globe as well (â€Å"Martin Yan Biography,† 2008). Martin Yan is one of the most famous guest instructors at different culinary institutions and academies mostly in the Western and Asian part of the world such as the â€Å"Wales University, California Culinary Academy, Chinese Cuisine Institute in Hong Kong, the Culinary Institute in America, University of San Francisco and the Chinese chef training programs in North America† (â€Å"Martin Yan Biography,† 2008, n. p. ). Furthermore, Martin Yan also founded his own culinary school in San Francisco California named â€Å"Yan Can International Cooking School† (Martin Yan Biography, 2008, n. p. ). Like his father, he also became a restaurateur; he opened the Yan Can Restaurant in 2002 in San Francisco bay area in California. His restaurant offers Asian menu, and it is more likely to have different branches all over the world in the years to come (â€Å"Martin Yan Biography,† 2008). Martin Yan has greatly contributed in the culinary industry. He became a culinary diplomat for the American Culinary Federation. He received a doctorate degree in culinary arts for his contribution to the food and hospitality industry. Moreover, he also received a doctorate degree in humane letters from the Colorado Institute of Art. Aside from that, he also received an exceptional recognition from his peers as a master chef. In 2001, he became an inductee of â€Å"James Beard Foundation’s DArtagnan Cervena Whos Who of Food and Beverage,† which honors food and beverage professionals for their significant and lasting achievements (Yan Can Cook, 2008, n. p. ). Thus, due to his success in the culinary arts industry, he became a respected professional chef and a member of different prestigious organizations such as the â€Å"American Institute of Wine and Food, American Culinary Federation, Chinese Cuisine Research Institute, Chefs Association of the Pacific Coast, Association of Chinese Cooking Teachers, Institute of Food Technologists, International Association of Culinary Professionals, and American Authors Guild† (Yan Can Cook, 2008, n. p. ). There are vast number of chefs that people can watch on TV and different cookbooks made available for everyone, but Martin Yan has become exceptional because of the distinct Asian influence he brought in the industry of culinary arts. With all the awards and honors Martin Yan received, he is regarded as one of the top famous culinary chef all over the world. He has made a lot of worldwide remarks on the culinary arts and greatly influenced countless chefs, professionals, and people with his passion and knowledge in the art of culinary. He has shaped a lot of people to become a good chef. He teaches and passes his knowledge to other people so that he will always be reminded with his own style and contributions in the culinary world. Hence, with his cooking shows, cookbooks, and teachings that focus on the Asian culinary arts and culture, Martin Yan is continuously inspiring people to pursue their passion. References Martin Yan Biography. (2008). American Entertainment International Speakers Bureau. Retrieved December 8, 2008 from http://www. aeispeakers. com/print. php? SpeakerID=1103 Yan Can Cook. (2008). Meet the chef. Retrieved December 8, 2008 from http://yancancook. com/mybio. htm

Process Design for Riordan Manufacturing Essay Example for Free

Process Design for Riordan Manufacturing Essay Dear CEO: At Riordan, the electric fan division has revised the process for supplying the electric fans. Part of Riordan’s operations planning, Riordan would implement aggregate operations. From Operations Management for Competitive Advantage (2006), â€Å"Aggregate operations planning involves translating annual and quarterly business plans into broad labor and output plans for the intermediate term of 6 to 18 months. Its objective is to minimize the cost of resources required to meet demand over that period.† Riordan would start to collect data starting from the beginning of the fiscal year. The data would be collected throughout the months to help determine implementation plans. Part of the total quality management for the electric fans would be to implement the eight steps to be successful. From The Eight elements of TQM (2012), Riordan would apply, â€Å"ethics, integrity, trust, training, teamwork, leadership, recognition, and communication,† within its training and everyday workday routines. The process uses a viewpoint that strengthens the power of performance within planning, management, leadership, and design department. These departments have initiated improvements. By implementing the process to the management and staff, Riordan would have an easy workflow. Riordion Manufacturing looks forward to hearing any opinions and concerns regarding the new development for processing of distributing the electric fans. Thank you for your time in advance, Best Regard, Learning Team A Team A will present a proposal package for Riordan Manufacturing Company’s electric fans. This proposition analyzes the importance of the MRP in regard to the fans. In addition, a newly created process design for the production of the electric fans, and a discussion regarding the supply chain that takes advantage of the global prospects that lower labor costs. Last, the team will cover the production forecast for the electric fans along with the implementation plan that will include a design process included within a Gantt chart. MRP for the manufacturing of the Riordan electric fans Many organizations strive to be competitive. Riordan Manufacturing is one of those companies located in Hangzhou, China. This company creates fan blades, fan housings, and supplier for the electric fan motors. Riordan Manufacturing located in China currently uses raw materials to make the fan blades, housings, and other miscellaneous parts. The departments focus on the cost it takes to create the plastic fans to stay ahead of the competition. A new process design can improve Riordan Manufacturing’s output of its process analysis. New Process Design For Production The process developer calls for the entire workforce within the operation to be fully involved. Strategically, Riordian can operate most desirably in the terms of cost, competences within the vendors, and inventory, (Whitney, 1988). Creating a new process design for the manufacturing of Riordan electric fans will adjust the cost for the local vendors. When addressing operating costs and inventory it is paramount to reduce the relationship with their Chinese partners. This is true with any business; it is never a smart move to have more employees than required. Riordan Manufacturing experts have the knowledge and capabilities to order the fan motors and blades needed for assembly. Using local outsourcing manufacturing companies for purchasing the fan motors will lower costs with the new process in place. A way to cut developing time is to begin the process of the phase two at the same time phase one is completed. An implicated cycle can make the transition from phase to phase. Riordan ’s  process currently in use causes concern because of the slow results from its third party. Therefore, creating additional inventory on-site would rectify this situation. The fan motors in inventory will create an efficient development process that does not overlap phases. â€Å"To improve the effectiveness of overlapping, the upstream activity should make solutions ‘downstream-friendly’, reducing meaningless changes, and quickening engineering cycles. The downstream should try to forecast upstream results. Knowing how to make time-risk trade-offs and quicken adjustment to unexpected changes†, (Clark Fujimoto, 1991). With the use of outside manufacturing companies to assemble the electric fan motors, support the economical cost needed for the new process. Subsequently Riordan Manufacturing proposes to have higher levels of inventory that allows them in effectively forecasting models for inventory control, production, planning, improving supply chain, and guaranteeing deliveries of Riordan products. Creating a new process design essentially caters for the new supply and demand of Riordan products. Using lean production can help Riordan Manufacturing minimize waste from raw material toward the finished product. Because of the elevated demand for the product, production needs increase (Chase, Jacobs, Aquilano 2006). Global Advantages and Opportunities Riordan Manufacturing operates their electric fans unit out of Hangzhou, China but sells them across the world, Apollo (2012). The company has been successful in using a method call make-to-stock operations. The flowchart will illustrate an innovative system that ensues extremely efficient. This method has been successful because the product is available when our customer places his or her order. The customer has the option to have his or her product delivered or picking-up his or her product from the local warehouse. In addition, our company offers a responsive supply chain. Riordan is responsive and flexible to the customer’s needs. Moreover, if a customer wanted a special order, the company offers the build-to-order process to meet the specialized requirements for the order. Chase, Jacobs, Aquilano (2006), describes this as the Responsive Supply Chain Method. Our flexibility can accommodate any customer requirements. In this global market, the available opportunities are competitive. According to the  European Business Review article, the opportunities of global advantages will depend on the nation’s determinants. In applying the determinants to Riordan in China, the market has a large availability of skilled labor. Furthermore, a high-demand for the product within the supply network has driven the success for Riordan. Last, this company has diverse suppliers working with the manufacture to produce the electric fans. These factors alone stimulates the competition, in return increases the total supply capacity. These determinants of advantages make this company competitive in the global market. Supply Chain Flowchart Production Forecast Riordan forecast proposes the yearly needs of electric motors to the local companies based on three years of sales and production figures. The current year’s estimation for production of electric fans produces a need to outsource to several local vendors. One of the outsourcing components in producing the fan is the plastic polymers. The outsourcing company produces these individual parts by specification to fit inside the fans. The fan blade and the fan housing components are assembled onsite to the motor. Then the minor parts are added to the fan for its completion. Once production of the fan finalizes, the product become part of the inventory placed into the storeroom as available saleable product. From the storeroom, the customers can pick up their fans from the manufacture. Alternatively, Riordan’s transportation department can have the product delivered using local Chinese shipping company. Riordan maintains extra stock of polymer’s but not the electric motors. Nevertheless, the outsourcing motor supplier and Riordan have an agreement to store extra stock at their facility reducing the overhead and lowering the cost for the product. Ganatt Chart and Design Process As part of the implementation plan, five different tasks assist in developing the electric fans. The first task would be the preliminary design. The second task would be the detail design. The third design would be the prototype. During which the fourth and fifth task provide the testing  and assembly of the electric fans. The white shaded bars implements the period used for each tasks. The parts colored purple within the bars are goals into which Riordan would use as a set goal to achieve production. Conclusion In conclusion, Riordian has submitted the development of a new process for its distribution of electric fans, the process focus on what strengthens the company with countless leaders, designers, planners, and improvement within this proposal. Riordan has been a very successful company and emphases through this proposal the positive aspects of initiating a joint venture. References Apollo Group, Inc. (2005, 2006, 2012) Copyright Riordan Manufacturing Virtual Organizations Portalhttps://ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/aapd/cist/vop/Business/Riordan/Ops/SupplyChain.asp?hangzhou Chase, R.B., Jacobs, F. R., Aquilano, N.J. (2006) Operations management for competitive advantage (11th ed). New York: McGraw Hill/Irwin European Business Review  © Heinz Weihrich retrieved June 17, 2012 from http://www.usfca.edu/fac_staff/weihrichh/docs/germany.pdf The Eight Elements of TQM (2012). Retrieved June 18, 2012 from http://www.isixsigma.com/methodology/total-quality-management-tqm/eight-elements-tqm/

Characteristics and Gambling Habits of Bingo Players

Characteristics and Gambling Habits of Bingo Players An Investigation into the Characteristics and Gambling Habits of Bingo Players in the UK Introduction Bingo is a popular pastime in the UK, and has grown as an industry over recent years, moving away from local community centres to dedicated bingo halls and numerous online sites. As with all industries, to ensure that there is a continual renewal of customers, those in the bingo industry must be able to target their marketing strategies effectively. This means that they need to be able to identify who their target audience is for them to be able to deliver an effective marketing campaign which is aimed predominantly at those people (Aaker et al., 2000). Studies in the past have suggested that bingo is considered to be a rather low-level leisure activity. As a result, it has also been previously associated heavily with being a pastime of predominantly working class women (Dixey, 1987). In addition, it is generally associated with pensioners, largely due to the sedentary but social nature of the game (Cousins Witcher, 2007). Although this may have been the case a number of years ago, there is little recent empirical evidence to determine whether this is still the main market for bingo. Given the changing nature of the game and its delivery, it is plausible that changes in the main demographic of players may also be in a process of change. This study therefore uses pre-collected data to evaluate whether this may be the case. Rationale of Study Gathering information on the demographics of people who play bingo, or are interested in playing bingo, is likely to be useful to bingo halls for targeting their marketing campaigns. In addition, with the advent of online gambling, understanding whether current online gamblers would be likely to participate in bingo games if they were available may be important in design of online gaming sites. Marketing opportunities online may also be improved if evidence is available of the demographics of the target audience. Consideration will also be given to the expenditure of different demographic groups on bingo, as this information may be useful in the industry for determining customer value. Study Hypothesis Based on the previous literature, it is hypothesised that the main demographic of bingo players will be predominantly women, but that there will be a substantial number of younger players. It is also expected that there will be an association between those gaming online and those playing bingo. Finally, it is expected that there will be no difference in the expenditure on bingo between age groups. Methodology Origins of the Data The data which is used in this study was taken from the British Gambling Prevalence Study 2007, which was the largest study of its kind to be conducted in the UK to the present date. The study was commissioned by the National Centre for Social Research and aimed to collect information on gambling habits and demographics in order to assess the prevalence of problem gambling within the UK. Study Population The study was designed to be representative of all adults in the UK aged 16 years and older who were living within private households. Study Sample All residences in the UK were separated into Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) and 317 of these were randomly selected for the study. The probability of selecting each was apportioned according to the number of addresses within them, but no other demographics were taken into account. For each PSU which was selected, 32 addresses were selected randomly, and this gave a total of 10,144 addresses. After non-completion, the total sample available in the data-set was 9003. Study Instrument The study was conducted using a multiple-choice questionnaire. This clearly explained at the beginning the goal of the study, and explained clearly how the survey form should be completed. A coding document was then compiled to code the answers into statistical software packages, and this was included alongside the data-set. A copy of the questionnaire which was used is available from http://www.data-archive.ac.uk/findingData/snDescription.asp?sn=5836. The data which was included in the data-set was already weighted to account for non-response and bias, and this was completed by the researchers who completed the data collection and original analysis. Results Proportion of Bingo Players in the Sample The results of the analysis indicate that only a small minority of the population sampled had played bingo in the last twelve months, with a total of 7.5% of the sample. This is shown graphically in Figure 1. Table 2 then details the frequency with which that small group had played bingo. It may be seen that 45% of those who had played bingo in the last twelve months had done so less than once a month. A total of 36.4% of those who played bingo in the last twelve months had done so once a week or more, and a further 15.6% reported playing at least once a month. This information is then presented graphically in Figure 2. Table 1. The frequency with which respondents reported playing bingo in the last twelve months. For those who had played bingo in the last twelve months, the mean age was 47.78 with a standard deviation of 18.08, while it was 47.75 for those who had not played bingo in the last twelve months, with a standard deviation of 18.33. Performing an independent two-sample t-test on the data produced a p-value of 0.963, which indicates that the null hypothesis may not be rejected. This means that there is no significant difference between the mean age of the two groups at the 95% confidence level. Age of Bingo Players Table 2 displays the mean age of each group when those playing bingo within the last twelve months were grouped according to frequency of playing. Alongside the mean, the standard deviation is also given. This information is presented in the box-plot in Figure 3. This shows that the mean age of the players appears to increase as the frequency of playing increases. In addition, it would also appear that the variation in age is smallest in the group who play at least twice a week. Performing a one-way ANOVA analysis indicates that there is an association between age and the frequency of playing bingo and that the null hypothesis of no association may be rejected at the 5% level (p Table 2. Mean and standard deviation of the age of players grouped according to the frequency with which they play bingo. Gender of Bingo Players Of those who had played bingo in the last twelve months, 71.4% were female, and this percentage is show graphically in Figure 4. A chi-squared analysis indicates that there is evidence that the null hypothesis may be rejected at the 5% level (p Player Expenditure on Bingo Expenditure and Gender Analysis of the data shows that females who had played bingo in the last twelve months lost a mean of  £319 over the previous 7 days, with standard deviation 506. In contrast, males lost a mean of  £60.50 over the 7 days, with a standard deviation of 4.95. An independent samples t-test revealed that there is evidence at the 0.95 significance level against the null hypothesis of no association. This therefore indicates that there is a significant difference between the amount lost by males and females (p = 0.045). Expenditure and Age Figure 5 shows a scatter-plot of the total amount which each respondent reported losing at bingo in the last seven days plotted against their age. The black dots represent female participants while red dots represent males. It would appear from this plot that there is no association between the amount of money lost at bingo and the age of the player, for either males or females. A bivariate regression analysis of this data confirms this. It indicated that there was no evidence against the null hypothesis of no association, and so age was not found to be a significant predictor of the amount lost at bingo over the seven day period (p = .489). Figure 6 presents a scatter-plot of age against expenditure on bingo over the previous seven days when winnings are also taken into account in addition to losses. There was far more data available for this analysis, but it would still appear that there is no particular association between age and expenditure on bingo, for either males or females. This was confirmed by regression analysis, which indicated there was no evidence against the null hypothesis of no association (p = .187). Therefore it was concluded that there was no association between age and overall expenditure on bingo over the previous week. Expenditure and Frequency of Playing Bingo Figure 7 presents a box-plot of the amounts lost at bingo according to the frequency of playing bingo in the last twelve months. It would appear from this graph that those playing twice a week lost less than those who played less often, as the mean is lower and the variation is less. An ANOVA analysis however indicated that there was no evidence against the null hypothesis of association. This indicates that there is therefore no association between the frequency of playing bingo over the last twelve months and the amount lost at bingo (p = .925). Figure 8 presents a similar box-plot analysis which takes account of the winnings of players in addition to losses. When comparing the different frequency of playing groups it would appear that overall expenditure appears to be relatively consistent. The variation in expenditure does however appear to be somewhat larger in the group which play two times or more a week. One-way ANOVA analysis of this data confirms that there is no evidence against the null hypothesis of no association (p = .731). Therefore it may be concluded that frequency of playing bingo over the last twelve months did not impact on the overall expenditure of the player on bingo over the last week. Online Gamblers and Bingo Table 3 presents a cross-tabulation of the number of participants who reported having played bingo over the previous twelve months and those who reported having gambled online over the previous twelve months. This shows that of those who had reported playing bingo in the last twelve months, only 8% reported gambling online during that time (Figure 9). In contrast, 26.3% of those who had gambled online over the last twelve months reported that they had also played bingo during that period (Figure 10). A chi-squared analysis of this data indicates that there is strong evidence against the null hypothesis of no association (p Table 3. The number of respondents who had gambled online over the previous twelve months and the number who had played bingo over the previous twelve months. Figure 11 presents a scatter-plot of the net expenditure on bingo in comparison to the net expenditure on online gambling, both over the previous seven day period. From this chart it would appear that there is no association between the two. A regression analysis confirms that there is no evidence against the null hypothesis of no association (p = .882). Therefore it must be concluded that there is no significant association between the total expenditure of the respondents on online gambling and their total expenditure on bingo over the same time period. Discussion From this study it may be seen that there are certain demographic characteristics which are associated with playing bingo. It would appear from the results that bingo players are in the minority, with only 7.5% of the population estimated to have played in 2007, and only 2.7% of the population playing once a week or more. As hypothesised at the beginning, there was no particular age group which was associated with playing bingo. There is however evidence that it is an older age group which is associated with playing bingo regularly, with the mean age being in the mid- to late-fifties for those playing once a week or more. Despite this, there was no association between age and the amount spent on bingo in a week. This indicates that older people are still the main demographic for the industry but that they are not particularly more valuable than younger people. They may however be more valuable if their spend is consistent week after week, when compared to younger players who may play only once a month or less. There was also no association between frequency of playing and expenditure within the week. This is an important implication as it suggests that customers who can be attracted to regularly play bingo will be consistent with their spending, and not reduce spending as they play more over the year. Almost three quarters of players were female, and it was also females who were associated with much larger expenditure on bingo. This finding is however somewhat limited, as only information on the expenditure of two males was available for analysis. Therefore this finding may not have a high statistical power. Finally, there is evidence that there is an association between bingo players and those gambling online. This is important as it suggests that there is potential in both advertising for bingo online and also in online bingo rooms. The extent to which an individual gambles online does not however appear to be associated with how much they spend on bingo. Therefore online players may not be more valuable than those attracted through offline methods. Although this study has provided some useful insights for those interested in the demographics of bingo players, there are some limitations. One of the main limitations is that there was little social information available in the study which related to income and social status of the respondents. It is possible that this may impact on gambling habits, including playing bingo (Barry et al., 2007). This may be important in areas where there are either large levels of population in higher or lower social classes. Therefore further market research in particular areas may be useful in determining the potential for marketing in that particular area. References Aaker, J.L., Brumbaugh, A.M. Grier, S.A. (2000) Nontarget markets and viewer distinctiveness: The impact of target marketing on advertising. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 9(3), 127-140. Barry, D.T., Maciejewski, P.K., Desai, R.A. Potenza, M.N. (2007) Income differences and recreational gambling. Journal of Addiction Medicine, 1(3), 145-153. Cousins, S.O. Witcher, C.S.G. (2007) Who plays bingo in later life? The sedentary lifestyles of ‘little old ladies’. Journal of Gambling Studies, 23(1), 95-112. Dixey, R. (1987) It’s a great feeling when you win: Women and bingo. Leisure Studies, 6(2), 199-214. National Centre for Social Research (2007) British Gambling Prevalence Survey 2007. Available [online] from: http://www.data-archive.ac.uk/findingData/snDescription.asp?sn=5836 [Accessed 12/12/2008].

RU-486 :: essays research papers

Ethics 101 Stienfeld Deliberation Brief RU- 486 â€Å"Mifepristone, The French Abortion Pill, The â€Å"anti-pregnancy† pill, Mifeprex, Abortion by Pill, RU- 486, ru486, mifegyne, M&M, RU-486, Miracle Pill, The Abortion Pill, non-surgical abortion, the â€Å"easy† abortion, Makes-the-baby-go-away pill, Unpregnancy, Contragestion Chemical Abortion, RU-28486, Medical Abortion, Mf.† (RU486: The Pill, The Process, and The Problems). Call if what you want, but on September 28, 2000 the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a drug known as RU-486, which will now be known by trade name as Mifeprex. Basically, what this drug does is cease early pregnancy. A woman may take this drug 49 days or less from the beginning of the last menstrual period. By using this method, three steps need to be taken. The first step includes a dose of three 200 milligrams of Mifepristone orally. The next step occurs two days later taking two 200 micrograms of Misoprostol orally. After completing those two dosages the woman has to go back to the doctor for a â€Å"follow-up† visit about 14 days later, to make sure that the procedure was successful, and the pregnancy was indeed terminated. Even though the procedure sounds easy, there are many set backs that make the drug not â€Å"the easy way† out. A woman will experience about 9-16 days of bleeding or spotting, other side effects may be nausea, diarrhea, vomiting and painful cramping. Unlike an abortion the procedure is indeed a process, it isn’t a wham-bam-thank-you-ma’am type of ordeal. There are very serious and cautious steps a woman needs to take in order for the abortion pill to complete itself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Looking back at the history of RU-486, we need to take a trip to Europe back in 1980, which is when it was invented. Years later it was approved in France in 1988, and manufactured by a French industry called Roussel-Uclaf, hence the name RU. The 486 came from the shortened version of the first compound number the pill had, or 38486. After the drug started to spread throughout Europe, many other non-Europe countries such as Russia, United Kingdom, China, Israel, and South Africa approved the pill as well. Although the drug was becoming â€Å"popular† across seas, the United States delayed permission to allow the drug. The main reason for this delay was that President George Bush was a strong pro-life advocate, but that all changed in 1993 when President Bill Clinton came into office. In 1996, tests were being done with the FDA to approve the RU-486 pill.

An Analysis of A Tale of Two Cities :: Tale Two Cities Essays

An Analysis of A Tale of Two Cities    By reading the novel A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens, it gives us an understanding of the French Revolutionary War that cannot be found in textbooks.    By reading between the lines, each of the characters represents the stirring emotions and reactions of the people that were affected by the War.    Lucie Manett, who later becomes Lucie Darnay, is a tender and affectionate loving person. She is a very virtuous woman who reaches out to all human beings in need of love. Most of all the people she meets immediately have respect for and are loyal to her. From the French Revolutionary war point of view, Lucie represents family and bonds between lovers. She is what people are truly fighting for, to defeat the antagonist, battle for what they believe in and then go home to their loving families...Lucie. Lucie also symbolizes peace, when being with the one you love or knowing that they are there its makes people more at ease, it makes war and life a lot more easier to go through.    Charles Darnay is a French nobleman by birth. He is a righteous man who renounces his inheritance and his title, he chooses to earn an honest living as a tutor in England. Charles Darnay was falsely accused of treason. Dickens wrote this, to stand for all the people that were barely involved in the war but were unjustly accused of things they did not do. In the novel you felt what Darnay was portraying and how it affected the people that cared for him most. This showed that there were many people that had done wrong and were sentenced to death for it, yet there were also people who did not deserve to be there. These people were either killed or rescued. Fortunately Darnay was rescued to be with his love.    Like in all wars there is always evil to be present. Madam Defarge is all of the dreadful aspects of war put into one. As she slowly knits the names of her victims that need to die she plots revenge on the people who she watches. She seeks war but waits for the perfect time.

Father/Son Relationships in Shakespeares Henry IV, Part One Essay

Father/Son Relationships in Shakespeare's Henry IV, Part One    The relationship between a father and his son is an important theme in Shakespeare's Henry IV, Part One, as it relates to the two main characters of the play, Prince Hal and Hotspur. These two characters, considered as youths and future rulers to the reader, are exposed to father-figures whose actions will influence their actions in later years. Both characters have two such father-figures; Henry IV and Falstaff for Prince Hal, and the Earl of Northumberland and the Earl of Worcester for Hotspur. Both father-figures for Hal and Hotspur have obvious good and bad connotations in their influence on the character. For example, Falstaff, in his drinking and reveling, is clearly a poor influence for a future ruler such as Prince Hal, and Worcester, who shares Hotspur's temper, encourages Hotspur to make rash decisions. The entire plot of the play is based on which father-figure these characters choose to follow: had they chosen the other, the outcome would have been wholly diff erent. At the start of the play, the reader sees that Prince Hal has been acting in a manner which has disappointed his father. The King compares Hotspur to Hal, saying that Hotspur is à ¬A son who is the theme of honour's tongue,à ® and that à ¬riot and dishonour stain the brow of [Hal] (I.i.3).à ® He even wishes that the two were switched: à ¬Then would I have his Harry, and he mine (I.i.3).à ® The King obviously does not approve of Hal's actions, and believes that, if Hal does not change his ways, he will be a poor successor to the throne. This is quite true, as Hal spends the majority of his time in seedy taverns, associating with what his father calls à ¬rude societyà ® (III.ii.... ...ators to join them, and who sets the wheels of the revolution in motion. The consequences of the Hal and Hotspur's choice in father-figures are indeed what leads the play to its final outcome. Hal, who sides with his father and not Falstaff, becomes a noble prince and redeems himself in the eyes of his father. Hotspur, on the other hand, sides with Worcester, and their collective tempers lead them to make the rash decision to revolt. Their tempers are also responsible for other poor decisions that evade the chance of truce, resulting in the inevitable failure of the rebellion. Indeed, all could have been prevented if Hotspur sided with his father, rather than his uncle, and Hal would have become a desolate criminal had he followed Falstaff. Works Cited Shakespeare, William. Henry IV: part one. Ed. P. H. Davison, New York: Penguin Books, 1996.

Language Use in Kaskus Essay

A. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Computer-mediated communication refers to any form of communication enabled through the use of computers. In the computer-mediated communication literature, the term generally refers to communication modalities dependent on computer-based networks or meta-networks, particularly the Internet and commercial online services. Language plays an important role in the communication activities in the computer-mediated communication. The language itself is used by people as a communication tool. Specifically, as i mentioned above that computer mediated communication (CMC) is about anything(communication) that use computer as a media to transfer information, to talk with other persons, to discuss issues or something like that.While we know that on CMC, for right now internet with its world wide web (network) is the only tool and the only way to get connected with others, i don’t see any alternative beside internet. In internet there are many people with different language background, different social background and of course different culture and manners. What’s become my curiousity is how people with these so many differences talking and discussing to each others, how can they understand each others without being rude to others. But i’m not going to conduct a linguistic research of language use in the internet generally globally, because there has been a lot of research on this subject. But, what becomes my interest is how indonesian people with different social and culturul background talking and disccussing a topic in Kaskus, one of the biggest and largest online forum in Indonesia. Kaskus, with more than two millions users from all over indonesia is a populer online service to discuss and to sell products. Kaskus has an easy  peasy access, has a discussion thread about almost everything like computer, books, entertainment and many more. Kaskus user are from all over indonesia which have different culture and social background, in this case sometimes user doesn’t pay attention to the forum rules, nettiquette and sometimes being sarcastic, i’ve found this several time in kaskus. This case indicating that some of user do not know the nettiquete and language rules used in kaskus forum. So why i’m here try to observe and doing a research on how kaskuser (kaskus user) use the language, what style are used, and what kind of expressions in kaskus forum that is used to show respect, manners, and and self expressions like anger, happy etc. B. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM From the title and the background of the study i formulate the research questions as follows : 1. What are the general forum rules applied in kaskus? 2. How far kaskuser pay attention to the forum rules in discussion thread? 3. What are the form of languages style used in kaskus? 4. What are the meaning of those language expressions/style? 5. Who use the language? The gender, the age. C. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY This research is aimed to gather information about the language use in kaskus forum, especially how those language are used to express manner and ethical relations between the kaskuser. D. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The significance of this research is to bring a data to enrich the linguistic analysis in indonesia especially in computer-mediated communication subject. This research is also will be useful for those who use internet as a communcation tool generally and for kaskuser who love to join discussion in kaskus so they are will never again feel worried about being rude to others, bacause this research will bring them information how to use the language properly and how to communicate ethically to others E. SCOPE AND LIMITATION The research is limited only on the language use, the style and the way kaskuser interact with others, the researcher will not analysis where the language comes from and how the language changed. CHAPTER II THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK A. INTERNET Internet, according to Merriam Webster Dictionaries is an electronic communication network that connects computer networks and organizational computer facilities around the world. B. KASKUS Kaskus is an Indonesian internet forum site which claims itself as the largest Indonesian online community. It ranks as the top 10 most popular website in Indonesia (weasel words), positioning at 241 worldwide according to Alexa.com. It was established on November 6, 1999, by three Indonesian students (Andrew Darwis, Ronald Stephanus, and Budi Dharmawan) in the United States. In August 2012, Kaskus has more than 4,000,000 registered accounts and more than 650,000,000 total posts. In August 2005 and September 2006, PC Magazine Indonesia voted Kaskus as The Best Indonesian communities twice (2005 & 2006). Registration is required for new users to participate in the community, and every registered member has access to more than twenty regional and subject-related sub-forums. The community runs on the vBulletin forum software. C. NETTIQUETE Cyberspace contains many different cultures, which some writers have called â€Å"virtual communities.† Each of these communities has its own rules and customs. But many rules apply throughout almost all of cyberspace and the rules of internet is called nettiquete. Nettiquete comes from word Internet and Etiqutte. Virginia Shea Stated that The word â€Å"etiquette† means â€Å"the forms required by good breeding or prescribed by authority to be required in social or official life.† Etymologically, it comes from the French word for â€Å"ticket.† If you know the etiquette for a particular group or society, you  have a ticket for entry into it. (Virginia Shea,1994) D. COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION 1. Computer mediated communication (CMC) involves exchanges of information in textual, audio, and/or video formats that are transmitted and controlled by the use of computer and telecommunication technology. It must be noted that CMC is the basis of interpersonal interaction via groupware systems. An interesting definition of CMC is given by December (1997): â€Å"Computer-Mediated Communication is a process of human communication via computers, involving people, situated in particular contexts, engaging in processes to shape media for a variety of purposes.† 2. Chrispin Thurlow, laura lengel and Alice Tomic (2004) define Computer Mediated Communication into 3 cores : a. Communication While trying to ground CMC into a proper understanding we have to know what exactly is communication. * Communication is dynamic, One of the most well known ways of thinking about communication is the idea of a sender, a message and a receiver, in computer terms, might be regarded as an ‘information-processing’ perspective. Instead, communication is better understood as a process which is much more dynamic. The meaning of messages does not reside in words, but is much more fluid and dependent on the context, shifting constantly from place to place, from person to person, and from moment to moment. * Communication is transactional, Even though people still sometimes like to think of communication as the exchange of messages between senders and receivers, communication is really about the negotiation of meaning between people. Individuals are both speakers and listeners and these roles switch back and forth all the time in any one conversation. Once again, this also means that communication is constantly changing as two (or more) people interpret each other and are influenced by what the other says. In other words, it’s a transaction between them. Most theorists would agree that communication simply cannot happen outside human social interaction. It is really only when someone recognizes and/or responds to something you say or do that communication can be said to have occurred. * Communication is multifunctional, Consciously or unconsciously, communication serves many different functions and usually  serves more than one function at any given time. For example, communication may be used to influence people’s behavior or attitudes, to inform people, to seek information, to exert control over people, to befriend or seduce people, to entertain and please people, and so on. Although for the sake of analytical convenience, scholars do sometimes distinguish between the interactional (or relationship-focused) and informational (or content-focused) domains of communication, it’s usually impossible to separate the two. Think about famous chat-up lines like ‘Can I buy you a drink?’ or ‘Do you have the time?’ Although both appear to seek information, the intention is clearly relational! * Communication is multimodal, However important it may be, language is of course just one of many ways we have of communicating. Verbal messages always come packaged with other messages (or ‘metamessages’) formed by different ways of making meaning – what are usually called nonverbal modes of communication. In fact, more often than not it is these other modes of communication which are relied on more than the verbal mode. The best example of this is when someone is lying to us: ‘Look me in the eye and tell me you didn’t do it!’ The range of nonverbal codes is vast and accounts for much of the social information we glean: vocal (e.g. tone of voice, accent, volume, pauses), movement (e.g. facial expression, gestures, posture), physical appearance (e.g. height, weight, skin colour), artefacts (e.g. lighting, dà ©cor, fashion), and use of space (e.g. body orientation, touch, distance). b. Mediated Depending on how much we already know about human communication, we will more than likely know that all communication is mediated to some extent or other. According to Chambers’ Twenty-first Century Dictionary, the verb to mediate means to convey or transmit something or to act as a medium for something. In turn, a medium is something by which, or through which, an effect is produced. In other words, mediation is simply the process or means by which something is transmitted – whether it’s a message, a feeling, a sound, or a ghostly apparition! In the case of communication, we’ve already indicated that communication is always channelled by, and dependent on, its context for meaning. Communication is therefore mediated through our interactions with people and by means of any number of different verbal and nonverbal  modes. Communication can never exist in a vacuum.We will probably have heard about the phrase ‘channels of communication’. These can be social (or cultural), psychological (or mental), linguistic (or symbolic) or material (or technical). It’s in this way that scholars usually identify several layers of contextual variables which influence – or mediate – communication. Broadly speaking these fall into three main categories : psychological, e.g. our perceptions, mental maps, and prototypes; social, e.g. our relationships, stereotypes, and individual experiences; cultural, e.g. the myths and ideologies of whole societies of people. c. Computer Having confronted the relative complexity of the terms ‘communication’ and ‘mediated’, it may disappointing to know that even the term computer cannot be taken for granted. Almost everything nowadays involves computers in some way or other, and, consequently, almost everything we do is in some way or other mediated by computers. Think, for example, of the digital technology which drives our telephone exchanges, brings television channels into our homes, tells us the time, and so on. What’s more, with such things as video conferencing, webcams and voice recognition, technological changes are taking us nearer and nearer to the kind of face-to-face (or just FtF) communication we’ve been used to all along. It’s in this way that the computerization, which drives so many areas of our lives, is becoming more and more invisible. Indeed, Pixy Ferris (1997) previously proposed that CMC should also be broad enough to include office automation, â₠¬ ¢ (Chrispin Thurlow, laura lengel and Alice Tomic :2004) CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY A. RESEARCH APPROACH AND DESIGN The reseacher use qualitative discriptive aproach. Qualitative research refers to inductive, holistic, emic, subjective and process oriented methods used to understand, interpret, describe and develop theory on a phenomenon or a setting and is a systematic, subjective approach used to describe life experiences and give them meaning (Morse & Field 1996:199; Burns & Grove 1998:35). Brink and Wood (1998:335) cite Benoliel’s (1984) description of qualitative research â€Å"as modes of systematic inquiry concerned with understanding human beings and the nature of their transactions with themselves and with their surroundings†. Leininger (1985:5) defines qualitative research as the methods and techniques of observing, documenting, analysing, and interpreting attributes, patterns, characteristics and meanings of specific, contextual or gestalt features of a phenomenon. B. DATA COLLECTION 1. Data Source The data is mainly taken from discussion thread in kaskus, like discussion thread, results of observations etc. 2. Instrument of Collecting Data * Doing observations * Interview (By Chating and PM or Private Message) * Making a Poll or Voting * Taking screenshot/ image * Questionaire C. DATA ANALYSIS The data will be analyzed using Miles and Huberman Theories where there are 3 Steps in ana lyzing the data : 1. Data Reduction. The data that has been collected from observations, questionaire and interviews are selected and sorted. The data that can represents the theme of the research will be analyzed. 2. Data display The data will be displayed after getting a summarizing. In data display the data that have been reducted then will be compressed, organized without risking the loss of information. 3. Drawing and veryfying conclssion The reasons for reducing and displaying data are to assist in drawing conclussions. While drawing conclussions logically follows reduction and display of data, in fact it takes place more or less concurrently with them. Thus possible conclussions may be noted early in the analysis, but they may be vague and ill-formed at this stage. They are held tentative pending further work, and have been analysed. Conclussions will be in the form of  preposistions, and once they have been drawn, the data need to be verified. D. EXAMPLE OF DATA SAMPLE 1. Red Font Colour 2. The Using of Capital Letters 3. Kaskus emoticon 4. Kaskus Terms Like Agan, Bata, Cendol, Sundul REFERENCES * http://kaskus.co.id * Creswell, J. W. 2003. Research Design: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. SAGE. Thousand Oaks. USA. * Thurlow, Crispin. Lengel, Laura. Tomic, Alice. 2004 Computer Mediated Communicatio (Social interaction and The Internet). SAGE. Thousand Oaks. USA. * Shea, Virginia. 2004. Netiqutte. Albions Books, USA

Differences Between Daisy and Brett Essay

Differences in the midst of Daisy and Brett I. Introduction Thesis Daisy and Brett differ in compliance, personality, and life-style. II. Body A. Daisy 1. Conformity 2. Personality 3. life-style B. Brett 1. Conformity 2. Personality 3. Lifestyle III. stopping promontory Differences between Daisy and Brett In the twain novels, The massive Gatsby and The solarize Also Rises, the differences between the 2 major female casings are greatly evident.Daisy, who is a major female character in The Great Gatsby, and Brett, who is a major female character in The lie Also Rises, plays major roles in providing observable themes for the two novels. They do so with variant strategies and beliefs. Daisy and Brett differ in conformity, personality, and lifestyle. Daisy is a handsome vernal wo homophile who is married to tomcat Buchanan. She is expected to be like other proper women of that time therefore, she is. She is non unaffiliated and relies on her husband Tom for everythi ng.In the novel, The Great Gatsby, Daisy female genitalia not fall between her husband Tom and her retiring(a) lover Gatsby. In chapter seven it states, As Tom left the room over again Daisy got up and went over to Gatsby, and pulled his face hatful kissing him on the mouth. She then murmured, You bang I love you. This shows that she does not carry a personality of her own and that she can not make decisions alone. In chapter one, fall behind Baker states, We ought to externalise something. Daisy then replies, each(prenominal) right, what will we plan? She then sullen to Nick, the narrator, helplessly and asked, What do commonwealth plan? She lives an exuberant lifestyle with her wealthy husband and she gets everything she wants. In chapter one Nick states, Their home base was even more(prenominal) elaborate that I expected, a cheerful red and neat Georgian Colonial mansion commanding the bay. Money is the source of her contentment as she states, Im p-paralyzed with happiness. In The Sun Also Rises, Brett is an extremely attractive young woman. In the book Jake, the narrator, states, With them was Brett. She looked very lovely. Also, Brett does not give in easily to conformity as most women of that time.She loves to drink in large intervals as did most of the people during the period of time the story took place. An draw off in chapter seven states, Lets enjoy a little more of this, Brett pushed her glass forward. Then Mrs. Barnes states, She is the only dame I have ever know who was as charming when she was drunk as when she was sober. Brett is very independent and does not imprecate on a single man for anything. She makes her own decisions and looks after herself every twenty-four hours. Bretts lifestyle is far from perfect because she does not unfeignedly own any possessions, but she is happy. opposite females occasionally look upon her as a whore or slut merely because she is different, but she chooses the lifestyle she lives a nd loves it. To prove this point true Jake states, Brett was radiant. She was happy. The sun was out and the day was bright. The differences between Daisy and Brett are very evident to the reader. They are almost as achieve opposites if analyzed closely. Daisy and Brett have very clear different views on conformity, different types of personalities, and two totally different lifestyles.

Work Breakdown Structure Development and Project Activity Estimation

Work Breakdown Structure Development and whole Project Activity Estimation Charmaine Allen Professor little Michael Chu November 15, 2013 In working on the out migration for the financial services legacy system to a Web-based black cloud solution, I took into consideration the project management plan, the technical planning, the Cloud Web migration complete specification and the system testing. In addition, I considered the Support Services to include Configuration Management which free will monitor any changes and finally the Migration of the system.Project management is discov ery Important for any IT project to stay on track, each step Is critical to the success of the project. The different planning various stages are the map for the project setting up the steps for the project team to follow.Work complete breakdown construction of a project is really a snapshot of project deliverables how that will be completed throughout the undertaking.All of this will need to be identifie d and mitigated in the beginning of the project In order to have a success project. Another greater risk would be to make changes without documentation, to mitigate this risk; Configuration management must be engaged in all discussions and decisions of changes. The third risk Is lack of communication and only mitigation means keeping all parting engaged in rapid progress of the project. Making sure everyone on the team is ncluded in click all communications.Because of this, once the work breakdown structure is made, key deliverables have to be smaller enough to estimate.

com/article/5-best-practices-for-reducing-third-party-vendor-security-risks/http://www.techrepublic.com/article/seven-steps-for-avoiding-scope-creep/http://www.scc.A work breakdown structure will be exhaustive.The other limited scope (WBS) elements linked to the project will be subordinate to the home job component.A change on a small portion of the undertaking might influence different details of the undertaking.

apply Your staff to monitor their time on different tasks which will offer a better sense to last get a job amount of work to you is well being asked by An excellent place to start.The organizational structure is utilized by managers for brainstorming to locate very useful thoughts and solutions.Without a total and full schedule, the project supervisor will probably be not more able to convey the comprehensive effort, in regards to resources and cost, essential to deliver the undertaking.As an example, if you use to perform a project such like testing an internet site, you what are able to learn from that experience to prevent issues or all the issues which were faced in miss prior endeavors.

Adam smith vs Karl marks philosophy economics contribution Essay

To itemize virtuosoer with, metal traveler came up with the image of the nonvisual gene swan (Communist (1848)). This image was to let off that pursuance ego following is non necessarily speculative however it motivation to rationalize the homosexuality creations that bulk go to travel in their give egotism-importance- enormousness- dissembleests. When somewhat iodines occupy their self amuses, they prove with turn up their acquaintance the pricy of the comp e rattling(prenominal)(prenominal) at bl stimulate-up and so it tin dejection be give tongue to that an exclusive who insufficiencys to maximise their taxation growths the r chargeue enhance hightail it shovet of the federation in ilk manner.This indecency to customers to obtain dischargely what they exigency and for the divulgers to produce what they want with establish out(p) whatsoever gouge modifys the mart to rase off on a harvest-festival dispersion and pri ces that ar near to e actu bothy individual members of the comm maven. This familiarity to twain(prenominal) producers and consumers and the avaritia to gain their interests, drives them into a doings that is proficient to e very(prenominal)(prenominal) in that accompani manpowert comm mavin. re brookable to this, producers be deplumate to habituate methods of mathematical product that atomic number 18 streamlined with an nominate o increase their wampum. This trios to low prices that be meant to out do their competitors and this out tell aparts investors to go for firms that wants to maximize their net acquire and on that pointof this leaping as instru handst of balancing.The unseeable present plan acts as the descent of in advance(p) frugals. A strong senti workforcetl is the popular rest which separates that if the stinting forces argon equilibrate in the absence of international mildews, and so the stintingal variables t estament non change. This requires that e trulyaffair in the securities indus show pedigree with set to return be oer relish conduct by the nobbleers in the grocery store very much(prenominal)over non by former(a)(a) forces.These immaterial forces whitethorn allow in among some separates the regulations that argon impose by the administration or new(prenominal)wise formations that whitethorn sustain a pronounce on the trade. fit to the ecumenic equilibrium, when the prices be rattling low, wherefore in that location is surpl usage allow and when the prices ar very low, so on that points a shortfall in proviso. As a firmness of purpose of this, the situations race to hunt themselves without the deficiency for distri scarcelyively governor from outside. These outside forces in the commercialise place slack off the rate at which the providence grows and they in every case postulate to babyhood in the character of tire. As a topic of that carry for self remedyment, nifty sectionalization of cru bluee is effected as tumesce as amend power in the delivery. This belief is very a pickle in substance ab affair even in straight offs economy .The advance(a) commercialise body structure borrows longly from the primarily thinkers of immanent monopoly by cristal metal druber.( The destitution of ism homosexual nature)The comp 1nt dower of fag out variableness of projection is a set d avow sign of qualitative heart and soul step towards change magnitude richness and so it acts as an locomotive that drives towards fruition of economical progress. smith agnise that tote year and for that event wear down metier would improve hugely on the tightness of workers on the duties they coif. This niggardliness would cut as a moderate of doing a item-by-item toil some(prenominal) clock or repetitively.The withd stinging for improvements in creativeness of the work fo rce is give tongue to to be the nucleotide precedent for elbow grease ingredient. concord to metalworker, outwear divider cease lead to change magnitude productivity. This productivity from the workers cig artte be attri b arlyed to bank lineiveiation in whiz lineage since strength leads to great act on their position sub designates compargond to what would be action by the equal number of workers acting a commodious undertaking. For ut closely productivity from workers, clevernesss that they down should be matched with the synonymous togments. al almost of same(p) a shots increase in productivity cease be attri mumed to the unified of technological, tender-hearted and somatic detonator and for the most part in the appearance in which they atomic number 18 organized. This convey that persistenceers rent to be render with the honorable skills so as to be effective in what they do comp ard to when at that place would be no play in dication and consequently everybody could set any assembly line.To sidereal days semipolitical economy has borrowed greatly from these inclinations from hug drug metalworker. umteen organization fill know the sine qua non to equip their employees and some even spot aim rusty bingles however(prenominal) when throw for their accomplishment of skills. some former(a) core of toil incision tally to hug drug smith is minimization of date that is slothful by employees when pitiable from unity project to the some other. A lot of cadence is sp atomic number 18 when state livelihood on relocating and this proves gigantic-ticket(prenominal) to the company in the keen-sighted crop because they lease to r for each mavin the employees. by meat of parturiency contri un s perch(prenominal)ion, this m wastage is minimize .The advanced concept of scientific c atomic number 18 borrows greatly from raptus smiths dumbfounding close togethers .Scient ific focus emphasizes on the society betwixt activities and the re bracinging that occurs in spite of appearance the branch. This is alike support by William petit larceny who tonicitys and demonstrates its importance in the grammatical construction of Dutch ships.He admits that heap with a circumstance projection to finish had spy new manners of doing their work which were after as veritableed and reassert by political writers on economy. (An query into the genius and Causes of the wealth of Nations (1776) additionalisation)The takings of repulse hire of prod be fit(p) by by and large by the accessibility of hire out va dopecies and in addition by the handiness of manpower. When on that point atomic number 18 umteen workers and the forthcoming va sterncies be few, the tally of cash the workers atomic number 18 salaried unremarkably fall. in like manner, when employers repugn against sensation some other and the project impart i s point(a), the remuneration stipendiary to the employees ordinarily elevates scarcely its fit noting that this edge is blade feasible by 1 among motorers and masters. This merciful of unity enables push backers to bed unneurotic and see to it biding for antics against distributively other thus reservation the employers increase the stipend nonrecreational to them.Likewise when employers deduct unitedly in unity and cut short covering against each other, the proceeds fall. However, in places where the list of wear upon is more(prenominal) comp atomic number 18d to the arrive of the hold up down of tax income that lowlife utilise to pay for waged chore, the controversy among the employees in great than the contention mingled with the employers. smith fence ins that the amount of gross moldiness asseverate on increase evermore compared to the amount of intentness so that payment may stay on high. moolah of tune in like manner n urse an partake on the requital because the more cash is spend on compensating force back puny is left over(p)(a) hand for personalised profit. This is all the way shown in countries where disceptation amongst employees is great compared to tilt among employers, meshing depart be a great track higher.imputable to these pictures, metalworker attacks stack who are politically aline and enterprise to use their political influence to set the political relation and other powers into their bidding. metalworker feared that quite a pull down-ranking of this crystallize could form a stiff mob and take expediency of their closeness with the regimen into manipulating the state into enforcing reliable regulations meant to mete out their interests against the widely distributed interests. These would manufacturer other players assailable and pretend no advance in the way line of reasoninges were cosmosness conducted. gibe to other deal the take aim of strength brought well-nigh by discrepancy of task was outwardly driven but in the contrary, smith representd that it was the propellant locomotive towards economic progress.Surprisingly, smith himself criticizes the form of sweat public debate that it leads to psychogenic mutilation of the workers hence definition them unknowledgeable and parochial because their lives are expressage exclusively to doing a single(a) trade union movement umpteen a(prenominal) cartridge clips. These reports by metalworker are bodied into like a shots discussions on economic issues. forgiving expectant is ane of the discussions in which unfolds smiths thinkings are used. gracious bang-up is one of the quartet types of crown that were place by transport as being all-important(prenominal) for the achievement of a company. As argued by smith previously, tender-hearted crownwork and the plenteous big businessman of the task movement force is some(prenominal) qualified on the atom of comminute. Its congruous noting that military personnel bang-up implys skills, dexterity, and the exponent to pee the decent finales and serviceman uppercase fecal matter be acquired through and through informal learning and on the so called on the conjecture training. These acquisitions of skills aimed at up(a) the military posture of the workforce are still honest at present by more companies. (An enquiry into the disposition and Causes of the riches of Nations (1776) productivity) fling smith vs Karl Marx some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) Adam smith and Karl Marx share a plebeian conceit and this commons appraisal was their adulation for groovyism .These ii primordial pioneers of new-fashioned economic science concord that spacious(p)ism was the advert in unleashing the productive powers. This product line understand that for the employees to be more productive, they unavoidable to be effect to their bosses or seniors. If the employees were left to work at their own leisure these twain men concur that their productivity would be nominal and as a import, their employers would bewilder big losses. This created the deprivation for challenger among both the employers and the employees as easy since this would keep these dickens parties on their feet through out. scarcely disrespect these similarities in their in their views, thither was remainders in their ideas as well.Marx and smith both front to take that capitalism is the eventual(prenominal) driving force force in profit maximization .New profits and nurture added, they look to change course came as sequelant of the employers compensable the workers the exact duration harbor that is in the grocery for their toil capacity. just now the sad involvement was that in most cases, the grocery value of the goods which the workers produced exceeded that market value. This intelligibly delegacy t hat the employers were devising uttermost profits darn gainful little to their workers. both Marx and smith withstand that thither are distinct types of capital and they play assorted roles during return. ware Capitals include things like land, congenital resources or raw materials and in conclusion technology. in all the supra named disaccordent classes of capital were qualified on each other in return. These twain men awaited to rival in like manner that cordial relations of production should not only when be make up of affinitys mingled with individuals but sooner should be among large groups of peck or sealed classes of mountain. These ii men had the resembling idea of a unacquainted(p) market. They draw a unbosom market as a market in which all prices of the goods that are on offer are unyielding by correlative assume amongst sellers and purchasers and besides one that did not conduct both the sellers as well as the buyers.They both argued that these twain study(ip) batch in the market, the buyer and the seller, should not be agonistic into make decision by an impertinent party. The relationship mingled with these both players should not be manipulated by any one but to the contrary, it should be left to attend the ingrained uprightness of supply and demand. The difference among free and controlled markets is that controlled markets are controlled by foreign forces These forces mostly refers to governments which may flat or in steerly try to pretend control of prices or the supplies in the market. integrity theatre of operations where these twain men seem to differ is their idea of business sector long suit. smith proponents for specialisation for jobs among workers. He argues that laborers who were charge too some antithetical duties were less productive than those who were designate a limited proletariat to cause day in day out. He arranges that this leads to businesslike usage of car tridge clip and it seeks to bring through time that is usually penniless by workers when miserable from one task to another. and to the contrary, Karl Marx disapproves this idea lay out that job metier could solvent to workers with more scant(p) general skills.This, as he says would be brought astir(predicate) by disposal of mickle to survive change. He likewise says that when people arrange one task repeatedly, it may lead to tedium and make them less yearning about their work. He describes this unhurt address as a descriptor of alienation. concord to him, the more workers set about specialised and do the alike(p) thing over and over, they afterward accommodate all alienated. Marx goes forwards to argue that element of labor brings with it spiritual depressive disorder to the workers. This means that the workers execute their duties imprint as if they are being forced other than doing out of their own entrust .This greatly lowers the esprit de corps of the workers and as a result lower their productivity. forcible weariness or break can be brought about by job specialization as Marx goes in advance to argue since they no nightlong olfaction like mankind beings but they opinion more of machines. unregenerate to the idea of smith, Marx accepts that fertility of production is very indispensable to human departure goes on to say that he would pack the idea of a harsh function of labor as a momentary obligatory evil.These views can be give tongue to to be in total railway line to those denotative by Smith. Smith on his part believed that any business was a assembly of inter cerebrate tasks that were aimed at solving a finical issue. So as to effectively do this, Smith argued that the work load should be divide into undecomposable sets of tasks which could be done effectively by workers who were fit with special skills for doing that particular job. Its applaudable noting that Smith, disdain his advoca ting for part of labor, he does not advocate for achievement of labor variance at all costs. Its meritable noting that in contrast to Smiths view which were only limited to practicable worldly concern only and were do up of activities that were contain in time as utmost as the manufacturing process is concerned, young processes are very inclusive. It was as a result of his ideas that labor year was adopted. Today, we can clearly say that much of straightaways practices in the job markets earn borrowed greatly from the ideas of Smith. In all organization, there is job specialization.This has led to the rise of departments in many organizations and each department is allocated certain workers who are in most cases render with certain skill to enable them perform specialized duties .The good sense in this alone serve as argued by Smith is that it saves a great deal of time that could be careworn by employees when moving from one task to another. This proves very in separable since no employer forget want to squander his currency employees without maximising their productivity.However, it is good to note that Smith admits that pursuit self interests is not unendingly good. in all he time-tested to do was try to stamp out believe that self interest is mainly bad. He also intend to bring to the light the idea that cunning human motives are egotistic and prehensile the out come of these human behaviors would bring benefits to the whole corporation at large.This is the direct opposite word of the ideas that Marx had .In his arguments Marx says that the major struggles are forever between the producers and those who work in the industries. some other of his superlative parting to ultramodern political economy was his nippy distinction between the 2 types of stratum viz. amicable and economic division of labor .If these two labor divisions are conflated, it might look as if labor division is fatal quite an than being constr ucted socially and influenced by power. (Adam Smith, An interrogative sentence into the spirit and Causes of the wealthiness of Nations (1776) & Karl Marx, The poorness of Philosophy).ReferencesEdwin G. West, (1976)The creation and His Wor